Apparatus for mixing and containing liquids.



P. PURDY.

APPARATUS PoR MIXING AND OONTAINING LIQUIDS, IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII ov. 2a,1909.

. 963,322, A Pauwnted July/5,1910.

Y ay

IIN

rin.

FREDERICK PURDY, OF KENOSHA, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO THOMAS B. JEFFERY,OF KENOSI-IA, WISCONSIN; KATE E. JEFFERY, CHARLES T. JEFFERY, AND HAROLDW. JEFFERY EXECUTORS OF SAID THOMAS B. JEFFERY, DECEASED.

APPARATUS FOR MIXING AND CONTAINING LIQUIDS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK PURDY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Kenosha, county of Kenosha, State of Wisconsin, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Mixingand Containing Liquids, and declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings,

-which form a part of this specification.

One of the most convenient and eective methods of lubricating internalcombustion engines is to supply the lubricant mixed with the fuel, thelubricant being separated in the combustion chamber by fractionaldistillation and being spread upon the cylinder walls. It is, of course,desirable that the lubricant be supplied in proper quantities so that itwill efficiently lubricate the working parts without, however, beingsupplied in unnecessarily large amounts. The mixture may, of course, bemade by measuring out the proper quantities of each constituent andadding them together, but this requires care on the part of the user andmay often result in a deficiency or an excess of the lubricant.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple and novel meanswhereby the proper proportion between the lubricant and the fuel may beeffected automatically and without requiring especial attention on thepart of the user.

'Ihe various features of novelty whereby my invention is characterizedwill hereinafter be pointed out with particularity in the claims; but,for a full understanding of my .invention and of its objects andadvantages, reference may be had to the following detailed descriptiontaken in connection with the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Figure l is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section of oneform of apparatus for carrying out my invention, the condition beingthat wherein the lubricant has been supplied and before the introductionof the fuel; Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. l, showing the conditionafter the fuel has been supplied; and Fig. 3 is a view simi-Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 22, A1909.

Patented July 5, 1910. serial No; 529,258.

lar to Figs. l and 2, showing the condition after a portion of the fuelhas been withdrawn.

In accordance with my invention I have provided a reservoir forreceiving liquid fuel, such as gasolene, and a reservoir for receivinglubricating oil, together with means associated with these reservoirswhereby the oil is automatically caused to flow into the fuel reservoiras the fuel is poured into the latter; the parts being so proportionedand arranged that the flow of oil progresses as the filling of the fuelreservoir continues and ceases with the interruption of the iiow of thefuel.

Various constructions and arrangements of the parts may be employed toproduce the transfer of the lubricant at the desired rate, but I preferto make use of some medium which shall be acted upon by the gasolene andwhich in turn acts upon the oil so that the introduction of any amountof gasolene causes this medium tovdisplace and force into the gasolene aquantity of oil which bears a predetermined relation to the quantity ofgasolene. This may conveniently be accomplished by providing a closedchamber which communicates at its lower end with the bottom of thegasolene reservoir so that gasolene can flow into this chamber only fromthe bottom, there being between this chamber and the oil reservoir asuitable pressuretransmitting agent which, as the gasolene in the mainreservoir rises, is acted upon by the rising gasolene in the closedchamber and displaces more and more of the oil in the oil reservoir asthe gasolene reservoir becomes filled, until, when the gasolenereservoir is full, the desired quantity of oil has been discharged intothe gasolene. It will, of course, be understood that variouspressure-transmitting agencies may be utilized. @neef the simplest ofthese agencies and one which reduces the apparatus to a simple form isair which may be confined in the closed chamber and forced out of thetop thereof as the gasolene rises therein, this air acting upon theupper surface of the oil and in turn displacing the oil. I haveillustrated an apparatus wherein the pressuretransmitting agent isconfined air and shall limit the detailed description to this particularform of my invention, it being understood, however, that I desire tocover broadly any pressure-transmitting device which will answer thispurpose.

Referring to the draw'ing, A represents a main reservoir for containinggasolene.

B is an auxiliary reservoir for oil.

C is a closed chamber which opens into the main reservoir adjacent tothe bottom thereof through an opening'c. The oil reservoir is entirelyclosed and communicates with the chamber C through a conduit D whichextends from the top of the oil reservoir to the top of the chamber.There is also an overflow or discharge conduit leading from the interiorof the oil reservoir to a point adjacent to the top thereof and thenceinto the gasolene reservoir. In the drawing I have illustrated thisconduit as made of several parts, one of them being a tube E which is inopen communication at its lower end with the interior of the oilreservoir at a considerable distance below' the top of this reservoir.At its upper end the tube E opens into a float chamber F, and from thetop of the float chamber there is a pipe Gr which leads into the top ofthe gasolene reservoir. In the arrangement shown, the oil reservoir islocated directly above the closed chamber, but this is not essentialbecause these two members may be located in any desired relation to eachother, so long as the upper ends are connected together by means of aconduit. Furthermore, the size and shape of t-.he auxiliary reservoirmay be varied as desired and the pipe E may be located anywhere, so longas it communicates with the interior of the oil reservoir at apredetermined point below the top. Leading into the float chamber is anoil supply pipe I-I.

I is a float arranged within the float chamber and provided with a valveK which is adapted in one position of the float to close the lower endofthe supply pipe and prevent the flow of oil into the reservoir. Thisfloat is so constructed that. it does not interfere with the freepassage of the oil into and out of the pipe E in any position of thefloat.

Assuming that the reservoirs are both empty and that the supply pipe isconnected with a source of supply of oil such as a tank L, oil will flowfrom the pipe into the float chamber and thence through the pipe E intothe oil reservoir. As the oil flows into the reservoir, the air thereinw'ill be forced out through the conduit D and through the chamber C. Theoil will continue to flow until the oil reservoir is full and until theoil has reached a level in the float chamber which will cause the valveto be closed and the supply to be stopped. This is the conditionindicated in Fig. 1. Assuming now that, while the parts are in thiscondition,

gasolene is poured into the main reservoir through the inlet M: as soonas there is an appreciable quantity of gasolene present it will begin toflow into the closed chamber through the opening c. As the level of thegasolene rises in the main reservoir, that in the closed chamber alsorises, the air in the chamber being forced upwardly through the conduitand into the upper end of the oil reservoir. Since the air cannotescape, but remains confined within the chamber and the oil reservoir,it begins to push down on the oil and forces it upward through the tubeE, through the `float chamber, and thence through the discharge conduitG into the main reservoir. If the upper end of the closed chamber werein communication with the atmosphere, the gasolene would rise in thischamber just as fast as it did in the main reservoir; but, since the airis confined and cannot escape, it serves as a pressure-transmittingagent between the gasolene in the closed chamber and the oil and as soonas it begins to force the oil out o the reservoir, it is compelled tosupport a column of oil equal in length to the distance between theoverflow pipe G and the upper surface of the oil in the reservoir.Although this column of oil is supported direct-ly by the air, it willbe seen that the ultimate pressure comes upon the gasolene in the closedchamber and that therefore there must be a difference in level betweenthe gasolene on the inside of the chamber and on the outside thereofequal in height to the sustained column of oil, (assuming that the oiland the gasolene have approximately the same densities). It willtherefore be seen that the level within the closed chamber willgradually rise as the reservoir is being iilled, but more slowly than inthe main reservoir itself until, when the main reservoir is entirelyfull, the height of the oil column above the level of the oil in the oilreservoir, plus the height of the gasolene column in the closed chamberare approximately equal to the height of the main reservoir. During allthis time, since the float chamber is iilled with oil, the valve willremain closed so that no addition to the oil supply is received, t-hedisplaced oil being discharged into the main reservoir. It will be seenthat the amount of oil which is discharged into the main reservoir bearsa definite relation to the amount of gasolene which enters the closedchamber. If the pressure-transmitting agent were unyielding, then theamount of oil which had been discharged at any given time would beexactly equal to the amount of gasolene which had entered the closedchamber up to that time; but, since the air is compressible, the volumeof the oil which is transferred will.

f always be somewhat less than the volume of the gasolene, bearing adefinite relation thereto so that, by properly proportioning the closedchamber, any desired proportion between the oil and the gasolene in themain reservoir may be secured.

In Fig. 2 the condition illustrated is that wherein the main reservoirhas been completely filled, the desired charge of oil having beentransferred to the main reservoir. As soon as withdrawal of gasolenefrom the main reservoir begins, lowering the level of the gasolene, alowering of the level of the gasolene in the closed chamber also takesplace. The liquid columns and the pressuretransmitting agent now seeknew conditions of equilibrium; the column of oil being now greater thanthat which can be supported by the head of gasolene and thereforedescending through the lower end of the tube E back into the oilreservoir so as to raise the level of the oil in this reservoir. Theraising of the oil level in the auxiliary reservoir concurrently withthe lowering of the gasolene level in the closed chamber reduces theheight of the oil column to a point where it may be maintained by thehead of gasolene then existing. As the oil rises in the auxiliaryreservoir, it pushes the air back into the closed chamber where itreplaces the gasolene as the latter recedes. As soon as enough gasolenehas been withdrawn to permit the float chamber to empty itself below theline of flotation, the valve K is opened and new oil enters the systemso as to maintain the level in the float chamber. As the gasolene iswithdrawn the valve will automatically open and close so as to supplythe oil as required to raise the level in the oil reservoir.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated the condition wherein the main reservoirhas been partially emptied, the float having just dropped so as topermit more oil to flow into the system. This condition of the valvewill last only long enough, however, to permit a state of equilibrium tobe obtained, together with a rise of the oil level in the float chambersufficient to raise the float and close the valve. `When the gasolenehas been completely withdrawn so as to leave the main reservoir empty,the condition will again be that shown in F ig. 1, the oil chamber beingfull so that there is no head of oil.

In practice I prefer to make the auxiliary reservoir and the closedchamber approximately equal in cross section, the distance from thelower end of the pipe E to the line of overflow being approximatelyequal to the height of the closed chamber. Consequently, the closedchamber is filled completely with gasolene when the main reservoir isfull.

It will be seen that the oil is supplied automatically in the properquantity regardless of the extent to which the main reservoir is filled.If it is desired to place more gasolene in the main reservoir after ithas been partially emptied. as indicated in Fig. 3,

this may be done without disturbing the ratio between the oil and thegasolene, for as soon as the level` of the gasolene in the mainreservoir rises, that in the closed chamber follows and forces the airback into the auxiliary reservoir so that there is a displacement of theoil approximately equal to the amount of gasolene which has been addedto that in the closed chamber and a transfer of such oil to the mainreservoir.

While I have described with particularity only the best form of myinvention now known to me, I do not desire to be limited to this singleform, but intend to cover all constructions and arrangements of partswhich fall within the terms used in the definitions of my inventionwhich constitute the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In an apparatus for receiving and mixing together two liquids in apredetermined ratio, a main reservoir for receiving one of said liquids,an auxiliary reservoir for receiving the second of said liquids, therebeing a discharge outlet leading from the auxiliary to the mainreservoir, and means for automatically and progressively displacing inthe auxiliary reservoir and forcing through the discharge outletquantities of the second of said liquids sufiicient to establish andmaintain the ratio between the two liquids in the main reservoir as thefirst of said liquids is introduced into the main reservoir.

2. In an apparatus for receiving and mixing together two liquids in apredetermined ratio, a main reservoir for receiving one of said liquids,an auxiliary reservoir for receiving the second of said liquids, therebeing a discharge conduit leading from a point considerably below thetop of the auxiliary reservoir to the top thereof and into the mainreservoir, and means associated with said reservoirs for producing andmaintaining a progressively increasing pressure upon the top of theliquid in the auxiliary reservoir as the level of the liquid in the mainreservoir rises so as progressively to transfer the liquid from theauxiliary reservoir to the main reservoir in sufficient quantities tomaintain said predetermined ratio between the two liquids in the mainreservoir.

3. In an apparatus of the character described, a main reservoir, aclosed auxiliary reservoir, a chamber communicating at its lower endwith the bottom of the main reservoir, a pressure-transmitting agentbetween said chamber and the auxiliary reservoir, and there being adischarge passage leading from the auxiliary reservoir into the mainreservoir.

4. In an apparatus of the character described, a main reservoir, aclosed auxiliary reservoir, a closed chamber communicating at its lowerend with the bottom of the main reservoir, a pressure-transmitting agentbetween the top of said chamber and the top of said auxiliary reservoir,and a discharge conduit communicating at its lower end with the interioror' the auxiliary reservoir at a point considerably below the top, saidconduit extending upwardly and into the main reservoir.

5. In an apparatus of the character described, a main reservoir, aclosed auxiliary reservoir, a closed chamber communicating at its lowerend with the bottom of the main reservoir, a pressure-transmitting agentbetween the top of said chamber and the top of said auxiliary reservoir,and a discharge conduit communicating at its lower end with the interiorof the auxiliary reservoir at a point conside 'ably below the top, saidconduit extending upwardly to the t-op of the auxiliary reservoir andopening into the mam reservoir.

G. In an apparatus of the character described, a main reservoir, aclosed auxiliary reservoir, a closed chamber communicating at its lowerend with the bottom of the main reservoir, a conduit connecting the topof said chamber with the top of the auxiliary reservoir, and a dischargeconduit opening at its lower end into the auxiliary reservoir at a pointconsiderably below the top thereof, said conduit extending intoproximity to the top of the auxiliary reservoir and opening into themain reservoir.

7. ln an apparatus or the character described, a closed reservoir, aclosed auxiliary reservoir, a closed chamber communicating at its lowerend with the bottom of the main reservoir, a conduit connecting the topof said chamber with the top of the auxiliary reservoir, and a dischargeconduit extending from a point within the auxiliary reservoir to the topthereof and into the main reservoir.

8. ln au apparatus for receiving and mixing together two liquids inpredetermined proportions, a main reservoir adapted to receive one ofsaid liquids, an auxiliary reservoir adapted to receive the second ofsaid liquids, there being a discharge outlet leading from the auxiliaryreservoir to the main reservoir, and means associated with saidreservoirs and dependent upon the level of the liquid in the mainreservoir for causing the auxiliary reservoir to discharge into the mainreservoir quantities of liquid proportional to the quant-ity of liquidentering the mam reservoir.

9. In an apparatus of the character described, a main reservoir, aclosed auxiliary reservoir, a conduit opening into the auxiliaryreservoir at a point considerably below and leading to a point above thetop of the auxiliary reservoir, there being a discharge outlet from theupper end of said conduit into the main reservoir, a chamber opening atthe bottom into the bottom of the main reservoir, and apressure-transmitting agent between said chamber and the top of saidauxiliary reservoir sol arranged that the pressure upon the liquid inthe auxiliary reservoir increases with the level of the liquid in themain reservoir.

10. ln an apparatus for receiving and mixing together two liquids inpredetermined proportions, a main reservoir adapted to receive one ofsaid liquids, an auxiliary reservoir adapted to receive the other orsaid liqnids, a closed chamber communicating at its lower end with thebottom of the mainreservoir, said closed chamber having a volume equalto the volume of the second of said liquids which it is desired to mixwith a suHicient quant-ity of the lirst of said liquids to lill the mainreservpir and the height of said chamber being approximately one-halfthe height of the main reservoir, a conduit leading downward from thetop or the main reservoir and communicating with the interior of theauxiliary reservoir at a point approximately midway between the top andbottom of the main reservoir, and a pressure-transmitting agent betweenthe top of said chamber and the top ot' the auxiliary reservoir.

11. ln an apparatus for receiving and mixing together' two liquids inpredetermined proportions, a main reservoir adapted to receive one ofsaid liquids, a closed auxiliary reservoir adapted to receive the otherof said liquids, a closed chamber communicating at its lower end withthe bottom or the main reservoir, said closed chamber having a volumeequal to the volume of the second of said liquids which it is desired tomix with a sufficient quantity of the iirst of said liquids to fill themain reservoir and the height of said chamber being approximatelyone-halt the height of the main reservoir, a conduit leading downwardfrom the top oi the main reservoir and communicating with the interiorof the auxiliary reservoir at a point approximately midway between thetop and bottom of the main reservoir, and a conduit leading from the topof said chamber to the top of said auxiliary reservoir.

12. In an apparatus for receiving and mixing together two liquids in apredetermined rat-io, a main reservoir for receiving one of saidliquids, an auxiliary reservoir for receiving the second of saidliquids, there being a discharge out-let leading from the auxiliary tothe main reservoir, means for automatically and progressively displacingin the auxiliary reservoir and forcing through the discharge outletquantities of the second otl said .liquids sufficient to establish andmaintain the ratio between the two liquids in the main reservoir as thefirst of said liquids is introduced into the main reservoir, and meansfor automatically supplying said auxiliary reservoir with the second ofsaid liquids at a rate bearing said ratio to the rate of withdrawal ofthe first of said liquids upon withdrawal of the latter liquid from themain reservoir.

13. In an apparatus of the character described, a main reservoir, aclosed auxiliary reservoir, a discharge conduit leading downward fromthe top of the auxiliary reservoir and opening into the auxiliaryreservoir, said conduit opening into the top of the main reservoir, aliquid supply pipe connected to said conduit, a valve controlling theoutlet from said pipe, a iioat in said conduit controlling said valve,said float being arranged to close the valve before the liquid in theconduit reaches the overiow level, a closed chamber opening at its lowerend into the bottom of the main reservoir, and a pressure-transmittingagent between the upper end of said chamber and the top of said auxiliary reservoir.

14. In an apparatus for receiving and mixing together two liquids in apredetermined ratio, a main reservoir for receiving the rst of saidliquids, an auxiliary reservoir for receiving the second of saidliquids, a discharge conduit leading downward from the top of theauxiliary reservoir and opening into the auxiliary reservoir at thelower end, said conduit opening at its upper end into the mainreservoir, a liquid supply pipe connected to said conduit, a valvecontrolling the outlet from said pipe, a float in said conduitcontrolling said valve, said float being arranged to close the valvewhen the liquid in the conduit reaches a certain predetermined point andto open the valve when the liquid level drops below said predeterminedpoint, and means for automatically and progressively displacing theliquid in the auxiliary reservoir and forcing it upwardly through saidconduit in quantities sulcient to establish and maintain the ratiobetween the two liquids in the main reservoir as the first of saidliquids is introduced into the main reservoir.

In testimony whereof, I sign this specilication in the presence of twowitnesses.

FREDERICK PURDY. Witnesses:

WM. F. FREUDENREICH, BRIOENA SWEET.

